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Inflammation

Inflammation

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

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Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

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Circulating Biomarkers Determining Inflammation in Atherosclerosis Progression.

Gerasimos Siasos¹, Vicky Tsigkou, Evangelos Oikonomou

¹Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK 115 28, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. gsiasos@med.uoa.gr.

Current Medicinal Chemistry

|April 17, 2015

Summary

Identifying vascular inflammation biomarkers is crucial for assessing atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular risk. New markers and improved methods aid clinical practice and anti-inflammatory treatment strategies.

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Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty

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Published on: January 28, 2020

On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping

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Published on: July 21, 2012

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Medicine
Inflammation Biology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, is influenced by genetic and environmental risk factors.
Inflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Accurate assessment of vascular inflammation is needed for better cardiovascular risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of established and novel inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerosis.
To explore the potential of these biomarkers in determining cardiovascular risk.
To discuss risk stratification based on inflammatory status and potential anti-inflammatory treatments.

Main Methods:

Literature review of established and novel inflammatory biomarkers.
Analysis of current data on biomarker utility in atherosclerosis progression.
Examination of risk stratification models incorporating inflammatory markers.

Main Results:

Inflammatory biomarkers, alongside traditional risk factors, enhance atherosclerosis progression assessment.
Novel inflammatory molecules and improved analytical techniques facilitate clinical application.
Patient risk stratification can be refined by considering inflammatory status.

Conclusions:

Vascular inflammatory biomarkers are essential for understanding atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk.
Advances in biomarker identification and analysis support clinical implementation.
Targeted anti-inflammatory therapies may benefit patients stratified by inflammatory status.