Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Efficacy01:29

Self-Efficacy

346
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
346
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

219
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...
219
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

45.3K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
45.3K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

19.1K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
19.1K
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

830
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
830
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

376
Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
376

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Midlife Measures of General Cognitive Performance in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health).

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Obtaining comparable measurement of midlife cognitive functioning from disparate cognitive tasks.

Neuropsychology·2026
Same author

Attending an Historically Black College or University and all-cause mortality in US Black adults.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same author

Plasma phosphorylated tau 181, vascular risk factors, and cognition in elderly Hispanics.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same author

Associations between parental history of dementia and plasma markers of inflammation in a multi-ethnic middle-aged community of adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Clinical validation of MyCog Mobile: development of a parsimonious and clinically interpretable prediction model for mild cognitive impairment.

JAMIA open·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.6K

Self-Efficacy Buffers the Relationship between Educational Disadvantage and Executive Functioning.

Laura B Zahodne1, Cindy J Nowinski2, Richard C Gershon2

  • 11Cognitive Neuroscience Division,Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,Columbia University,New York,New York.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|April 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-efficacy beliefs protect cognitive health, especially executive functions, in adults with lower education. High self-efficacy can mitigate the negative impact of less formal schooling on cognitive performance.

Keywords:
AdultCognitionPsychological resiliencePsychosocial factorsReadingSocioeconomic factors

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.3K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
07:01

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

8.6K
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.3K
The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public health

Background:

  • Previous research suggests control beliefs, including self-efficacy, may buffer educational disadvantages on health.
  • This study investigates the role of self-efficacy in cognitive health across diverse educational backgrounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between self-efficacy, educational attainment, and cognitive performance in a national sample.
  • To determine if self-efficacy moderates the association between education and cognitive function, particularly executive abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1032 US adults (30-85) from the NIH Toolbox norming study.
  • Assessed self-efficacy, executive functioning, working memory, processing speed, episodic memory, and vocabulary.
  • Employed multivariate analysis of covariance and regression analyses, controlling for demographic and health variables.

Main Results:

  • Higher education correlated with greater self-efficacy and better performance across all cognitive domains.
  • Self-efficacy was linked to improved set-switching and attention/inhibition.
  • Significant interactions revealed that the self-efficacy-executive function link was stronger in individuals with lower education; high self-efficacy compensated for low education.

Conclusions:

  • Self-efficacy beliefs act as a protective factor, mitigating the adverse cognitive effects of lower educational attainment.
  • Findings support interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy to improve cognitive health outcomes in educationally disadvantaged populations.