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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
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Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids.

Peyton A Tierney1, Clarissa D Karpinski2, Jessica E Brown1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Tobacco Control
|April 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

E-cigarette liquids contain high levels of flavour chemicals, including aldehydes, which may pose health risks when inhaled. Regulation and ingredient labeling for these vaping products are recommended.

Keywords:
Electronic nicotine delivery devicesNicotinePackaging and LabellingToxicology

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • E-cigarette liquids commonly contain flavour chemicals.
  • Chemicals safe for ingestion may pose risks when inhaled via vaping.
  • This study analyzed flavour chemical content in e-cigarette fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify flavour chemicals in e-cigarette liquids.
  • To assess potential health risks associated with inhaled flavour chemicals.
  • To inform regulatory considerations for e-cigarette ingredients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of single-use e-cigarette fluids and refill liquids using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
  • Selection of multiple flavour types, including confectionary flavours.
  • Quantification of total flavour chemicals and specific compounds like aldehydes, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin.

Main Results:

  • Total flavour chemical concentrations ranged from approximately 1-4% (10-40 mg/mL).
  • Aldehydes, known respiratory irritants, were identified in a significant number of samples.
  • Vanillin and/or ethyl vanillin were prevalent, found in 17 liquids.

Conclusions:

  • Inhaled flavour chemical concentrations in e-cigarettes warrant toxicological concern.
  • Regulatory limits for specific flavour chemicals and total content are suggested.
  • Mandatory ingredient labeling for e-cigarette products is recommended.