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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

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The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
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Overview
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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

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Marked difference in conformational fluctuation between giant DNA molecules in circular and linear forms.

Takafumi Iwaki1, Tomomi Ishido2, Ken Hirano2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama-cho Idaigaoka 1-1, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Circular DNA exhibits significantly less conformational fluctuation and faster relaxation than linear DNA, despite similar lengths. These findings were supported by numerical simulations and mean field models.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Polymer Physics

Background:

  • Understanding DNA conformation is crucial for molecular biology.
  • Linear and circular DNA structures exhibit distinct physical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the conformational dynamics of linear and circular giant DNA molecules.
  • To elucidate the differences in fluctuation and relaxation times between the two DNA forms.

Main Methods:

  • Monomolecular observations using fluorescence microscopy.
  • Numerical simulations of semiflexible, double-helical DNA models.
  • Mean field model calculations for radius of gyration.

Main Results:

  • Circular DNA showed approximately 40% less conformational fluctuation than linear DNA.
  • Circular DNA's long-axis length was only 10% smaller than linear DNA.
  • Circular DNA chains exhibited relaxation times at least one order of magnitude shorter than linear DNA.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct conformational behavior of circular DNA compared to linear DNA is significant.
  • Numerical simulations and mean field models accurately reproduce experimental observations.
  • This study enhances understanding of DNA chain dynamics in different topological states.