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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a prevalent condition.
  • Cognitive decline, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, significantly impacts public health.
  • The relationship between SDB and the timing of cognitive decline onset requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between SDB and the age of onset for MCI or AD-dementia.
  • To determine if continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use is associated with a delayed onset of cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort.
  • Created three subsets with increasing stringency for analysis.
  • Employed chi-square tests, t-tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression to analyze age at onset and treatment effects.

Main Results:

  • Participants with SDB showed a significantly earlier onset of MCI across all subsets.
  • SDB was associated with earlier onset of AD-dementia in the most conservative subset.
  • CPAP use was linked to a delayed onset of MCI in two subsets.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of SDB is associated with an earlier onset of cognitive decline.
  • CPAP treatment for SDB may potentially delay the progression of cognitive impairment.