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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

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Published on: February 19, 2014

Modulation-frequency-specific adaptation in awake auditory cortex.

Brian J Malone¹, Ralph E Beitel², Maike Vollmer³

¹Coleman Memorial Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, bjmalone724@gmail.com.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|April 17, 2015

Summary

The auditory cortex adapts to amplitude modulation context, suppressing neural firing rates. This adaptation, crucial for processing natural sounds like speech, aligns with central modulation masking models.

Keywords:

auditory context monkey primate suppression unanesthetized

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Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Auditory Perception
Signal Processing

Background:

Amplitude modulations are key components of natural acoustic signals, including speech and vocalizations.
Competing signals often influence how these modulations are perceived and processed.
Psychophysical modulation masking suggests central processing mechanisms for modulation tuning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how the modulation context of a preceding sound affects auditory cortical responses to subsequent modulated sounds.
To determine if cortical modulation tuning is consistent with existing models of central modulation processing.

Main Methods:

Used a forward-masking paradigm in awake squirrel monkeys.
Recorded auditory cortical responses to pairs of sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) tones.
Analyzed the effects of a preceding SAM masker on neural firing rate and synchrony to subsequent SAM signals.

Main Results:

Prior SAM masker presentation induced persistent, tuned suppression of firing rates to subsequent SAM signals.
Population adaptation effects were consistent with broadly tuned modulation channels.
Modulation context had minimal impact on the synchrony of cortical representations; tuning differed from firing rate effects.

Conclusions:

Auditory cortical adaptation, particularly firing rate suppression, closely mirrors psychophysical modulation masking.
Temporal representations of modulated signals are more robust to context than rate-based representations.
Neural rate tuning is sufficient to explain context-sensitive cortical adaptation in response to modulated sounds.