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Veins of Head and Neck

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...

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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Giant calvarial cavernous hemangioma.

Satish Kumar Verma¹, Pankaj Kumar Singh¹, Kanwaljeet Garg¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences

|April 17, 2015

Summary

Calvarial cavernous hemangiomas, rare skull tumors, can grow large. A multimodal approach successfully treated a child with a massive hemangioma, achieving excellent cosmetic and neurologic results.

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Pediatric Oncology
Vascular Malformations

Background:

Calvarial hemangiomas are uncommon bone tumors, with cavernous hemangiomas of the skull being particularly rare.

Keywords:

Calvarial hemangioma giant outcome surgery

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While typically small and asymptomatic, these lesions can enlarge, causing cosmetic deformities and potential complications.