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Concurrent acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome in a child

Isha S Deshmukh1, Akash B Bang1, Manish A Jain1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, MGIMS, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
|April 17, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can co-occur. This case study details a 10-year-old experiencing both, highlighting diagnosis and successful treatment with IVIg and steroids.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are rare autoimmune demyelinating disorders.
  • Both conditions can be triggered by infections or vaccinations.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old presented with acute flaccid quadriparesis, areflexia, urinary retention, and signs of increased intracranial pressure.
  • The patient later developed bilateral optic neuritis, suggesting a complex neurological presentation.
  • ADEM and GBS were diagnosed based on clinical presentation, electro-diagnostic studies, and MRI, excluding other causes.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrates a rare co-occurrence of ADEM and GBS in a pediatric patient.
  • Electro-diagnostic testing and MRI confirmed the demyelinating nature of the neurological deficits.
  • Successful treatment was achieved using intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering concurrent demyelinating disorders in complex neurological presentations.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with immunomodulatory therapies can lead to significant recovery.
  • Further research into the shared pathogenesis of ADEM and GBS may reveal new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitisGuillain–Barré syndromeidiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseaseoptic neuritis

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