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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

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Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
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A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

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[Infuenzae A (H1N1): about 189 cases].

Meriem Mjid, Jouda Cherif, Sonia Toujani

    La Tunisie Medicale
    |April 17, 2015
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    Influenza A (H1N1) can cause severe illness, particularly in older adults with co-morbidities like diabetes or chronic respiratory disease. Vaccination is recommended for at-risk individuals to prevent severe outcomes and mortality.

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology
    • Public Health

    Context:

    • The 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic highlighted the need to understand disease severity and risk factors.
    • Pulmonary departments played a key role in managing severe cases during the pandemic.

    Purpose:

    • To describe confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) cases at Rabta Hospital.
    • To identify risk factors associated with severe Influenza A (H1N1) infection.

    Summary:

    • A study of 189 Influenza A (H1N1) patients from September 2009 to March 2010 revealed significant severity in certain subgroups.
    • Severe cases, averaging 56 years old, frequently had co-morbidities such as diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and pregnancy.
    • Mortality was 18% in severe cases and 2.1% overall, emphasizing the disease's potential severity.

    Impact:

    • Findings underscore the importance of systematic vaccination for at-risk populations, even outside of pandemic periods.
    • Highlights the need for continued surveillance and management strategies for Influenza A (H1N1).
    • Provides valuable data on risk factors and outcomes in a Tunisian cohort.