Biomechanics of the lumbar spinal nerve roots and the first sacral root within the intervertebral foramina

This study consists of 3 sections: a descriptive study of the intervertebral foramen by dissection, supplemented by millimetric sections made with the cine-microabrasive apparatus (patented) on 12 specimens frozen with liquid nitrogen; a study of the attachments of the roots made during manipulations testing the resistance to avulsion of the rootlets, the roots, the dural sheath and the fibrous expansions at the periphery of the intervertebral foramen; and a study of the mobility of the roots in the foramina during movements effected within and outside the spine. We concluded that the classical description of an intervertebral foramen as occluded by a taut membrane like a drum-head is false as only perforated expansions attach the root to the foramen. Further, the points for attachment of the roots are the dura mater and the fibrous expansion passing from the foramen to the sheath of the spinal n. Finally, from the aspect of mobility, there are 2 distinct compartments and movements in one are not perceived in the other compartment if the attachments are unbroken. These attachments are a barrier interposed between the two compartments.