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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

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Aortic dissection simulation models for clinical support: fluid-structure interaction vs. rigid wall models.

Mona Alimohammadi¹, Joseph M Sherwood^2,3, Morad Karimpour⁴

¹Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK. mona.alimohammadi.10@ucl.ac.uk.

Biomedical Engineering Online

|April 17, 2015

Summary

Modeling aortic dissection (AD) wall motion in computational simulations is crucial for accurate hemodynamic analysis. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models capture complex flow patterns and wall shear stress, justifying their clinical use for interventional planning.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Medical Imaging

Background:

Aortic dissection (AD) management is challenging, with personalized computational models showing potential for improved outcomes.
Incorporating vessel wall motion into AD simulations enhances realism but increases computational demands.
Balancing complexity, speed, and accuracy is key for clinical translation of these models.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the necessity of modeling vessel wall motion in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations for aortic dissection.
To compare FSI simulations with wall motion against rigid-wall models for AD patient cases.

Main Methods:

Patient-specific computed tomography data used for fluid domain and vessel wall extrapolation.
Two-way FSI simulations with Windkessel boundary conditions and hyperelastic wall properties.
Carreau-Yasuda viscosity model for blood and a shear stress transport model for turbulence.

Main Results:

Vessel wall displacement in FSI models correlated with imaging findings of intimal flap motion and true lumen contraction.
FSI simulations revealed complex hemodynamics due to wall motion, impacting wall shear stress predictions.
Rigid-wall models failed to capture critical low and oscillatory wall shear stress regions identified by FSI.

Conclusions:

The FSI methodology is suitable for simulating aortic dissection, validated by comparison with imaging data.
While high wall shear stress regions were similar, FSI uniquely identified critical low and oscillatory shear stress areas.
Modeling wall motion in FSI simulations for AD is justified for interventional planning due to its impact on hemodynamics.