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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

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Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Development of a Minimally Invasive Large-Animal Model for Reliable and Reproducible Cardiovascular Research

Author Spotlight: Development of a Minimally Invasive Large-Animal Model for Reliable and Reproducible Cardiovascular Research

Published on: October 20, 2023

Treating aortic stenosis: arresting the snowball effect.

Tania A Pawade¹, David E Newby

¹1 British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Room SU 305, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh. EH16 4SB, Edinburgh, UK.

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

|April 18, 2015

Summary

Aortic stenosis, a common fatal condition, involves tissue calcification driven by calcium and bone metabolism. Osteoporosis drugs may inhibit its progression, with clinical trials ongoing.

Keywords:

18F-fluoride aortic stenosis bisphosphonates calcification denosumab osteoporosis

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Medicine
Bone Metabolism Research
Pharmacology

Background:

Aortic stenosis (AS) is a prevalent and life-threatening cardiovascular disease.
Current understanding suggests AS involves a self-perpetuating cycle of injury, with tissue calcification as a primary driver.
The underlying mechanisms are closely linked to calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism.

Discussion:

AS pathophysiology shares similarities with bone metabolism and calcium regulation.
This suggests potential therapeutic targets within these pathways.
Investigating these links may reveal novel treatment strategies for AS.

Key Insights:

Tissue calcification is identified as the major driver in aortic stenosis.
Aortic stenosis progression appears linked to calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism.
This provides a rationale for repurposing osteoporosis drugs.

Outlook:

A prospective randomized controlled trial is evaluating denosumab and bisphosphonates for slowing AS progression.
Successful outcomes could offer a significant new treatment option for a major unmet clinical need.
Further research into calcium and bone pathways may yield additional therapeutic interventions.