Functional porous carbon/nickel oxide nanocomposites as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors

High-surface-area, guava-leaf-derived, heteroatom-containing activated carbon (GHAC) materials were synthesized by means of a facile chemical activation method with KOH as activating agent and exploited as catalyst supports to disperse nickel oxide (NiO) nanocrystals (average size (2.0±0.1) nm) through a hydrothermal process. The textural and structural properties of these GHAC/NiO nanocomposites were characterized by various physicochemical techniques, namely, field-emission SEM, high-resolution TEM, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The as-synthesized GHAC/NiO nanocomposites were employed as binder-free electrodes, which exhibited high specific capacitance (up to 461 F g(-1) at a current density of 2.3 A g(-1)) and remarkable cycling stability, which may be attributed to the unique properties of GHAC and excellent electrochemical activity of the highly dispersed NiO nanocrystals.