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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

5.5K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

567
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
567
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

375
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
375
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

180
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Adaptation of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell CTC Assays for Clinical and Preclinical Research Applications
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CTCs Could Shorten Drug Trials

    Cancer Discovery
    |April 18, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Biomarkers like circulating tumor cells and lactate dehydrogenase levels can predict survival in metastatic prostate cancer patients. These markers may accelerate clinical trials for new prostate cancer treatments.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Biomarkers
    • Prostate Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Metastatic prostate cancer presents a significant clinical challenge.
    • Accurate prognostic markers are crucial for patient management and clinical trial design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as prognostic biomarkers in metastatic prostate cancer.
    • To assess the potential of these biomarkers to serve as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials.

    Main Methods:

    • Phase III clinical study.
    • Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood samples.
    • Measurement of blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels.

    Main Results:

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  • Elevated levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were associated with poorer survival outcomes.
  • Higher blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels also predicted decreased survival.
  • Both CTCs and LDH demonstrated predictive value for patient survival.

    • Conclusions:

    • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are validated prognostic biomarkers for metastatic prostate cancer.
    • These biomarkers can potentially be utilized as surrogate predictors of survival, thereby accelerating the evaluation of novel therapeutic agents.