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Screws are characterized by a helical ridge known as a thread wrapped around a cylindrical shaft. They are commonly used as fasteners to hold objects together or to transmit power and motion in machines. One type of screw that is particularly useful for transmitting power is the square-threaded screw.
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In mechanical engineering, the interaction between a threaded screw shaft and a plate gear involves analyzing the resisting torque on the plate gear that can be overpowered when a specific torsional moment is applied to the shaft. To better comprehend this concept, consider a generic situation with a threaded screw shaft with a given mean radius and lead and a plate gear with a specified mean radius. The coefficient of static friction between the screw and gear is also provided.
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In wood construction, fasteners are essential for securing components together, with the connection strength largely dependent on the direct bearing between members. Various types of fasteners are employed, each suited to specific applications and structural requirements.
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A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. Its operation is based on converting the force applied at its handle into a torsional moment, causing the upward impending motion of the screw. This movement is accomplished by overcoming the static friction between the threads of the screw and the jack.
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A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement
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An innovative universal screw removal instrument.

Mehmet Elmadağ1, Yunus Güzel2, Gökçer Uzer1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bezmialem Vakıf University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Korean Journal of Spine
|April 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

A new instrument simplifies polyaxial screw removal in revision surgery, enabling quick, minimally invasive procedures without complications. This device safely extracts all pedicle screws, preserving surrounding tissues and preventing neurogenic changes.

Keywords:
Equipment failurePedicle screwsSpinal fusionSpine

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Area of Science:

  • Spinal Surgery
  • Orthopedic Devices
  • Revision Arthroplasty

Background:

  • Revision surgery often requires complex removal of spinal instrumentation.
  • Polyaxial screws can be challenging to extract, necessitating extensive debridement.
  • Existing methods may lead to complications and prolonged operating times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel instrument for facilitating polyaxial screw removal.
  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new device in revision spinal surgery.
  • To demonstrate the instrument's ability to simplify screw extraction and minimize tissue disruption.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a specialized instrument for polyaxial screw removal.
  • Application of the instrument in five patients undergoing revision surgery.
  • Removal of 42 polyaxial pedicle screws using the new apparatus.
  • Documentation of operative time, debridement required, and complications.

Main Results:

  • The instrument successfully removed all 42 polyaxial screws without requiring additional materials or extensive debridement.
  • Screw and rod removal was rapid and minimally invasive.
  • No damage to the pedicle or surrounding soft tissues was observed.
  • No neurogenic complications occurred during or after the revision surgery.

Conclusions:

  • The newly designed instrument provides a safe and effective solution for removing polyaxial and monoaxial pedicle screws.
  • This device simplifies revision spinal surgery, reducing invasiveness and complication rates.
  • The instrument facilitates efficient screw extraction, preserving critical anatomical structures.