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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
Published on: January 23, 2018
Estrogen: an emerging regulator of insulin action and mitochondrial function
Anisha A Gupte1, Henry J Pownall2, Dale J Hamilton3
1Bioenergetics Laboratory, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract:
Clinical trials and animal studies have revealed that loss of circulating estrogen induces rapid changes in whole body metabolism, fat distribution, and insulin action. The metabolic effects of estrogen are mediated primarily by its receptor, estrogen receptor-α; however, the detailed understanding of its mechanisms is incomplete. Recent investigations suggest that estrogen receptor-α elicits the metabolic effects of estrogen by genomic, nongenomic, and mitochondrial mechanisms that regulate insulin signaling, substrate oxidation, and energetics. This paper reviews clinical and experimental studies on the mechanisms of estrogen and the current state of knowledge regarding physiological and pathobiological influences of estrogen on metabolism.
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