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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
Published on: April 9, 2014
Antiretroviral regimen and suboptimal medication adherence are associated with low-level human immunodeficiency virus
Christina Konstantopoulos1, Heather Ribaudo2, Kathleen Ragland3
1Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; Meharry Medical College , Nashville, Tennessee.
Abstract:
Episodes of human immunodeficiency virus low-level viremia (LLV) are common in the clinical setting, but its association with antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen and adherence remains unclear. Antiretroviral therapy adherence was evaluated in participants of the Research on Access to Care in the Homeless cohort by unannounced pill counts. Factors associated with increased risk of LLV include treatment with a protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen (ritonavir-boosted PI vs nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.1; P = .01) and lower ART adherence over the past 3 months (HR, 1.1 per 5% decreased adherence, adjusted; P = .050). Patients with LLV may benefit from ART adherence counseling and potentially regimen modification.
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