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The celiac axis revisited: anatomic variants, pathologic features, and implications for modern endovascular

Richard D White1, Jonathan R Weir-McCall, Carl M Sullivan

  • 1From the Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales (R.D.W., S.A.R.M.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland (J.R.W.M., P.M.Y., M.J.B., T.A.S., I.A.Z.); and Department of Clinical Radiology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales (C.M.S.).

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|April 18, 2015
PubMed

Insights

The celiac axis (CA) has many variations, impacting foregut blood supply and leading to conditions like mesenteric ischemia. Understanding these arterial variants is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of CA diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular anatomy
  • Radiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The celiac axis (CA) supplies blood to vital foregut organs.
  • Anatomic variations of the CA are common, occurring in up to 50% of the population.
  • Pathologic conditions affecting the CA include ischemia, compression, dissection, aneurysms, and malformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of understanding celiac axis anatomy and its variations.
  • To emphasize the role of diagnostic and interventional radiologists in recognizing and managing CA diseases.
  • To underscore the impact of CA variants on treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of relevant literature on celiac axis anatomy and pathology.
  • Discussion of diagnostic imaging modalities (CTA, MRA, catheter angiography).
  • Analysis of endovascular and surgical treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Anatomic variations arise from early embryonic development.
  • Mesenteric ischemia symptoms are nonspecific, often requiring specific investigation.
  • Accurate identification of CA variants is essential for successful interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Awareness of CA pathologic conditions is vital for radiologists.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of CA disease can prevent severe complications.
  • Knowledge of CA anatomic permutations optimizes endovascular procedures.

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