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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
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Genomics driven-oncology: challenges and perspectives.

Nicola Normanno1, Ian A Cree2

  • 1Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale", IRCCS, Napoli, Italy. nicnorm@yahoo.com.

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|April 18, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic profiling identifies actionable targets like RET fusions in lung adenocarcinoma. Addressing challenges in molecular diagnostics, biomarkers, and tumor heterogeneity is crucial for advancing precision oncology.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer treatment is increasingly shifting towards precision medicine based on molecular tumor profiles.
  • Driver mutations are identified in most cancers, enabling targeted therapies.
  • Lung adenocarcinoma shows driver alterations in ~75% of cases, with RET fusions in 1-2% offering therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of genomics-driven oncology for personalized cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the significance of RET fusion transcripts as therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma.
  • To identify key challenges in implementing routine molecular diagnostics for cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current approaches in molecular diagnostics for comprehensive tumor characterization.
  • Analysis of biomarkers for predicting response and resistance to targeted therapies.
  • Investigation into the impact of tumor heterogeneity on treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific molecular subgroups with actionable mutations across various cancers.
  • RET fusion transcripts in lung adenocarcinoma represent a targetable alteration with RET kinase inhibitors.
  • Challenges include the need for advanced low-input DNA/RNA methods, reliable biomarkers, and understanding tumor heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Genomics-driven oncology holds promise for personalized cancer care.
  • Further advancements in molecular diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and understanding tumor biology are essential for routine clinical application.