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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Published on: October 2, 2020
Metabolic responses during hemodialysis determined by quantitative (1)H NMR spectroscopy
Masako Fujiwara1, Itiro Ando2, Kazuhisa Takeuchi3
1Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
Abstract:
A large proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease have lifelong hemodialysis (HD) treatment. HD rapidly and indiscriminately removes necessary small metabolites together with uremic toxins from plasma into dialysate. To investigate metabolic responses to HD, we determined the levels of metabolites through time-course monitoring of (1)H NMR spectroscopy of dialysate during HD. The dialysate sample is stable for analysis because it contains only small metabolites without proteins. It was collected non-invasively from 9 HD patients with chronic glomerular nephropathy, at 6 time points during 4h of HD in 5 sessions. Creatinine, alanine, lactate, pyruvate and valine were simultaneously quantified on a one-dimensional single-pulse spectrum with a single standard compound. The concentration of creatinine exhibited monotonous decay with time, while that of valine decreased slowly and then maintained its levels throughout an HD. Lactate, alanine and pyruvate increased at 2-3h after the initiation of HD. They exhibited remarkable responses to HD with production from the body. The time-course of change in the 4 metabolites of lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and valine had reproducible behavior unique to each patient during the HD. This finding may be applied to distinguish metabolic status in HD patients.
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