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Relationships Between Simple Toe Elevation Angle in the Standing Position and Dynamic Balance and Fall Risk Among
Katsuhiko Takatori1, Daisuke Matsumoto1
1Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2, Umami-naka, Koryo, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan.
Objective:
To investigate the relationships between toe elevation ability in the standing position and dynamic balance and fall risk among community-dwelling older adults.
Design:
Cross-sectional survey.
Setting:
General community.
Participants:
Community-dwelling older adults (N = 287).
Main Outcome Measure:
Toe elevation angles in the standing position.
Results:
Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of measurements of the toe elevation angle was high (internal coefficient of correlation [ICC] (1,2) = 0.94 for the former and ICC (2,1) = 0.90 for the latter). Significant correlations were found between the toe elevation angle and age (r = -0.20, P < .01), 5-m walking time (r = -0.31, P < .01), Functional Reach Test (r = 0.36, P < .01), Timed Up and Go Test (r = -0.36, P < .01), and Chair Stand Test (r = 0.26, P < .01). Subjects who experienced a fall in the previous 6 months had a significantly lower toe elevation angle compared with subjects who did not experience a fall (t = 2.19, P < .05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that results of the Functional Reach Test (β = .22, P < .001) and Timed Up and Go Test (β = -0.74, P < .001) were significantly associated with the toe elevation angle.
Conclusions:
Toe elevation angle was an index of dynamic balance ability and appears to be a simple screening test for fall risk in community-dwelling older adults.
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