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Reelin expression in brain endothelial cells: an electron microscopy study.

Emma Perez-Costas1, Erin Y Fenton2, Hector J Caruncho3

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Summary

Reelin protein was found in brain endothelial cells, suggesting it may cross the blood-brain barrier. This discovery has potential physiological, pathological, and therapeutic implications for neurological conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Reelin is known for its brain functions but also found in blood.
  • Its presence in blood suggests potential blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing.
  • Previous studies have not investigated reelin expression within the BBB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and location of reelin within brain capillaries.
  • To determine if reelin is expressed in the endothelial cells forming the BBB.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemistry was used to detect reelin.
  • Electron microscopy provided high-resolution visualization of reelin localization.
  • Brain tissue from specific regions was analyzed for reelin expression in capillaries.

Main Results:

  • Reelin immunolabeling was detected in endothelial cells of brain capillaries, varying by brain region.
  • Electron microscopy confirmed reelin presence in endothelial cells, localized to caveolae and the luminal plasma membrane.
  • Reelin was also observed in the nuclear membrane of some endothelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Reelin is present in brain endothelial cells, particularly within transcytosis vesicles (caveolae).
  • This finding supports the hypothesis that reelin can cross the blood-brain barrier.
  • The potential BBB permeability of reelin has significant implications for brain physiology, disease, and treatment.