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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

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Oral allergy syndrome.

Stefanie Saunders1, Michael P Platt

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|April 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) lacks a standard definition, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Research focuses on understanding cross-reactivities and identifying markers for better patient management.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is prevalent in individuals with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • OAS is often underrecognized in clinical settings, leading to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Key aspects of OAS, including its definition, diagnostic limitations, and complex pathophysiology, remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current definitions, pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and treatments for OAS.
  • To highlight the need for improved understanding and management strategies for OAS.
  • To discuss the challenges in identifying reliable diagnostic markers due to allergen cross-reactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on OAS.
  • Analysis of current definitions and diagnostic approaches.

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  • Examination of research on allergen cross-reactivity and protein families involved in OAS.

    • Main Results:

    • A standardized definition for OAS is currently lacking in scientific literature.
    • The complexity of allergen cross-reactivity hinders the development of precise diagnostic and treatment parameters.
    • Identified candidate markers for OAS are often too specific, limiting their broad clinical applicability.

    Conclusions:

    • Current research efforts are concentrated on identifying cross-reactivities and markers to aid OAS diagnosis and treatment.
    • Further investigation is needed to establish clear diagnostic criteria and effective management protocols for OAS.
    • A comprehensive understanding of OAS pathophysiology is crucial for developing standardized approaches.