Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

17.8K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
17.8K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

10.2K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
10.2K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

87.8K
Overview
87.8K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.5K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.5K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

18.7K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
18.7K
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

4.2K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The immunology behind inflammaging - causes, sources, and mechanisms.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same author

Immune responses in aging adults.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

Macrophage metabolic exhaustion and PANoptotic cell death drive chronic tissue inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

Immunity·2026
Same author

Lipid droplet-induced T cell death sustains autoimmune tissue inflammation.

Cell metabolism·2026
Same author

Antigen-specific T<sub>H</sub>17 cells offset the age-related decline in durable T cell immunity.

Science advances·2026
Same author

SNP rs10748643 determines CD39 expression in T and NK cells through altering NFIC binding affinity rather than interfering with RNA splicing.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

13.7K

Naive T cell maintenance and function in human aging.

Jörg J Goronzy1, Fengqin Fang2, Mary M Cavanagh2

  • 1Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94306 jgoronzy@stanford.edu.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|April 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Naive T cell aging is complex, with CD4 cells maintaining diversity while CD8 cells face challenges. Understanding cellular defects and preventing differentiation are key to preserving naive T cell function.

More Related Videos

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
07:58

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

35.5K
Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

13.7K
Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
07:58

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

35.5K
Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Naive T cells are central to immune aging research.
  • Maintaining a diverse naive T cell repertoire is crucial for immune function.
  • Aging impacts naive T cell populations, particularly CD8+ T cells, leading to compartment shrinkage and clonal expansions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the complexity of the human naive T cell repertoire in aging.
  • To identify cellular defects and genetic/biochemical pathways relevant to naive T cell aging.
  • To understand the unique aging hallmark of naive T cells initiating but not completing differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of naive T cell repertoire complexity.
  • Investigation of homeostatic mechanisms in T cell populations.
  • Identification of genetic and biochemical pathways in immune aging.

Main Results:

  • CD4 naive T cell repertoire remains large and diverse with age due to robust homeostatic mechanisms.
  • CD8 naive T cells experience compartment shrinkage and clonal expansions.
  • Naive T cells exhibit a unique aging characteristic: initiating but not completing differentiation into memory cells.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, homeostatic mechanisms support a diverse CD4 naive T cell repertoire with age.
  • Cellular defects and differentiation pathways are critical areas for understanding naive T cell aging.
  • Maintaining naive T cell quiescence and preventing differentiation are essential for preserving their unique functions.