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Neurostructural abnormalities in pediatric anxiety disorders.

Jeffrey R Strawn1, Lisa Hamm2, Daniel A Fitzgerald2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

Journal of Anxiety Disorders
|April 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Youth anxiety disorders show distinct brain structure differences. Children with anxiety had larger gray matter in the anterior cingulate but reduced gray matter in frontal and parietal regions compared to healthy peers.

Keywords:
AdolescentAmygdalaAnxietyChildrenCingulate cortexVentrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC)Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Anxiety disorders are prevalent in youth.
  • Functional neuroimaging shows altered fear processing in pediatric anxiety.
  • Structural brain differences in pediatric anxiety disorders are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural neuroanatomy in pediatric anxiety disorders.
  • To compare gray matter volumes between anxious youth and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used.
  • Gray matter volumes were analyzed in 38 medication-free pediatric patients and 27 healthy controls.
  • Participants included youth with generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and separation anxiety disorder.

Main Results:

  • Anxious youth exhibited larger gray matter volumes in the dorsal anterior cingulate.
  • Decreased gray matter volumes were observed in the inferior frontal gyrus (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex), postcentral gyrus, and cuneus/precuneus in anxious youth.
  • These findings indicate structural variations in brain regions associated with fear processing.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric anxiety disorders are associated with significant structural brain differences.
  • These structural abnormalities may underlie altered fear and threat processing in youth.
  • Further research is needed to understand the implications of these findings for treatment.