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Related Concept Videos

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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The vapor pressure of a fluid is a crucial concept in fluid mechanics, influencing phenomena such as boiling and cavitation. Vapor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a vapor at a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with its corresponding liquid phase at a specific temperature. It represents the tendency of molecules to escape from the fluid surface into the vapor phase.
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Bernoulli's equation incorporates how fluid pressure changes across a static, incompressible fluid by equating the kinetic energy contribution to zero. It is also helpful in analyzing horizontal flows in which the gravitational energy density is constant throughout. The latter equation is so useful that it is called Bernoulli's principle. According to Bernoulli's principle, the fluid pressure drops if the speed increases and vice versa.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
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Mechanics of collapsing cavitation bubbles.

Leen van Wijngaarden1

  • 1University of Twente, Physics of Fluids Group, and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
|April 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study surveys the dynamic phenomena of cavitation bubble collapse. It details how collapsing bubbles generate shock waves, microjets, and cause material damage.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Acoustics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cavitation bubbles are voids that form in liquids under low pressure.
  • Bubble collapse is a rapid and energetic process with significant physical implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a survey of the dynamic phenomena associated with cavitation bubble collapse.
  • To discuss the mechanisms by which collapsing bubbles cause damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cavitation dynamics.
  • Analysis of theoretical models and experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • Cavitation bubble collapse generates powerful shock waves.
  • Asymmetric collapse can produce high-velocity microjets.
Keywords:
BubblesCavitationMicrojets

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  • Shock waves and microjets are primary mechanisms for material damage.

    • Conclusions:

    • The collapse of cavitation bubbles is a complex phenomenon involving significant energy release.
    • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for predicting and mitigating cavitation-induced damage in various applications.