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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

Introduction to Connective Tissues

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Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts,...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The immune...
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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Loose Connective Tissue01:26

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Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and various nutrients to diffuse into cells that are embedded in it or present in adjacent tissues.
Adipose Tissue
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Autoimmune connective tissue diseases.

Monika Østensen1, Irene Cetin2

  • 1Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Pregnancy and Rheumatic Diseases, St. Olavs Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|April 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy with rheumatic diseases (RDs) poses risks for both mother and child, including complications and adverse outcomes. Interdisciplinary management is crucial for optimizing care in women with RDs during childbearing age.

Keywords:
adverse pregnancy outcomesmanagement of pregnancypathophysiologypregnancy complicationsrheumatic disease

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Obstetrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Rheumatic diseases (RDs) predominantly affect women of childbearing age.
  • Pregnancy can significantly alter RD activity, leading to varied outcomes from improvement to severe flares.
  • Understanding the interplay between RDs and pregnancy is vital due to potential risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of pregnancy on rheumatic diseases.
  • To outline the risks and complications for mothers and fetuses.
  • To emphasize the need for specialized management of pregnancies in women with RDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on common rheumatic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome) during pregnancy.
  • Analysis of maternal and fetal risks associated with organ involvement, disease activity, autoantibodies, and therapies.
  • Synthesis of information on pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy outcomes in RDs range from spontaneous improvement to severe flares.
  • Maternal risks include hypertension, preeclampsia, and therapy side effects.
  • Fetal risks encompass recurrent miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal demise, particularly with organ manifestations and specific autoantibodies.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancies in women with rheumatic diseases carry increased risks for both mother and child.
  • Adverse outcomes are more frequent in RDs with organ involvement and harmful autoantibodies.
  • Interdisciplinary care and management are essential for optimizing pregnancy outcomes in this population.