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Hepatitis B and C prophylaxis in patients receiving chemotherapy
1Liver Research Laboratory, University of Birmingham.
Viral Hepatitis in Practice
|April 21, 2015
Summary
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) reactivation can occur during chemotherapy. Antiviral prophylaxis effectively prevents HBV reactivation, while HCV reactivation is less common and has lower mortality.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Oncology
Background:
- Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) involves increased viral replication in patients with chronic, low-grade infections.
- This reactivation can be triggered by immunomodulatory therapy, chemotherapy, or severe illness.
- While HBV reactivation is often asymptomatic, severe cases can lead to hepatic decompensation with up to 30% mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent advances in understanding and managing HBV and HCV reactivation.
- To provide guidance on the management of HBV and HCV reactivation in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on HBV and HCV reactivation.
- Analysis of clinical outcomes and management strategies.
Main Results:
- HBV reactivation can be effectively prevented with antiviral prophylaxis.
- HCV reactivation-associated hepatitis flares are less frequent and associated with significantly lower mortality compared to HBV.
Conclusions:
- Antiviral prophylaxis is a key strategy for preventing HBV reactivation during chemotherapy.
- Management guidelines are crucial for addressing HBV and HCV reactivation in immunocompromised patients.
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