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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

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The kidney in obesity.

Josep Redon1, Empar Lurbe

  • 1Hypertension Clinic, Hospital Clinico of Valencia, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Research Institute, Valencia, Spain, Josep.redon@uv.es.

Current Hypertension Reports
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity significantly increases the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by impacting kidney function and structure. Managing weight and cardiometabolic factors is crucial for kidney protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Body mass index is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), second only to proteinuria.
  • Obesity's renal impact ranges from pathological changes to altered urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted impact of obesity on kidney health.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms linking obesity to renal damage and identify protective strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on obesity and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of pathological and hemodynamic changes associated with obesity in the kidneys.

Main Results:

  • Obesity-related glomerulopathy and renal fat deposition contribute to renal damage.
  • Mechanisms include hemodynamic alterations, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and renal scarring.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney protection requires weight reduction and control of associated cardiometabolic risks like hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
  • Further research into specific treatments for obesity-induced kidney damage is warranted.