A framework for the role of acute inflammation in tumor progression

Breast cancer remains the second leading cancer-related death in women in the United States. Despite improvements in early detection, prevention, and treatment, the mortality rate in breast cancer remains high secondary to the potential for cancer recurrence and the development of metastasis. To minimize breast cancer-related morbidity and mortality, understanding the factors leading to an increased risk of metastasis and developing clinical interventions that reduce this risk is essential. While the association between chronic inflammation and cancer progression is well documented in the literature, the role of acute inflammation and its impact on tumor proliferation and metastasis is less well understood. Here, we will review recently published preclinical studies in mouse models indicating that acute inflammation caused by clinical interventions plays an important role in the risk of peripheral metastases. In addition, we will address the potential impact that these findings may have on the clinical management of breast cancer.