Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

1.5K
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
1.5K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

3.1K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
3.1K
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

1.6K
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
1.6K
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

6.9K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
6.9K
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

963
Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
963
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

151
Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
151

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A change to the pathway: The Impact of the Supreme Court of the United States affirmative action decision on clinical pharmacy and a call to action for pharmacists.

Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP·2024
Same author

White coats, Black lives-racial trauma in Black pharmacists.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA·2023
Same author

The (Contrasted) Ethics of Covid-19 and HIV: Will the Favor be Returned?

Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities·2023
Same author

Baseline Assessment of Systemic Racism Education in Pharmacy Curricula.

American journal of pharmaceutical education·2022
Same author

Conceptualizing Social Ecological Model in Pharmacy to Address Racism as a Social Determinant of Health.

American journal of pharmaceutical education·2021
Same author

Addressing the Need for Ethnic and Racial Diversity in the Pipeline for Pharmacy Faculty.

American journal of pharmaceutical education·2021
Same journal

Digging Deeper Into the Patient-Driven Payment Model.

The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists·2018
Same journal

Clinical Pharmacist Intervention to Engage Older Adults in Reducing Use of Alprazolam.

The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists·2018
Same journal

Statins: The Burglar of Memory?

The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists·2018
Same journal

Identifying Cognitive Impairment in an Older Adult Using Two Different Screening Tools.

The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists·2018
Same journal

Management of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists·2018
Same journal

Increased Use of Medical Marijuana: Skepticism vs. Evidence.

The Consultant pharmacist : the journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
04:59

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors

Published on: September 27, 2019

13.3K

Opioid-induced pruritus.

Jessica L Benson1, Hope E Campbell, Cory N Phillips

  • 1Walgreens, Nashville,Tennessee, USA.

The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
|April 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid-induced pruritus (OIP) is a common, uncomfortable side effect of opioid pain relievers. Understanding OIP mechanisms and treatments helps manage this issue and improve patient care.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

34.4K
Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
12:20

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

22.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
04:59

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors

Published on: September 27, 2019

13.3K
Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

34.4K
Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
12:20

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

22.1K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pain Management
  • Adverse Drug Reactions

Background:

  • Opioid analgesics are vital for managing acute and chronic pain.
  • Adverse effects, such as opioid-induced pruritus (OIP), can limit opioid therapy.
  • OIP significantly impacts patient comfort, quality of life, and treatment adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms, incidence, and management of OIP.
  • To highlight the role of pharmacists in optimizing OIP control.
  • To provide essential knowledge for healthcare practitioners managing patients on opioids.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of opioid-induced pruritus.
  • Analysis of opioid receptor interactions and signaling pathways.
  • Examination of pharmacological interventions for OIP.

Main Results:

  • OIP incidence varies based on opioid type, dose, and administration route.
  • Multiple pharmacological targets and therapies exist for OIP management.
  • Pharmacist interventions can reduce OIP incidence and severity.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of OIP requires understanding its underlying mechanisms.
  • Pharmacists play a crucial role in mitigating OIP and improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research into OIP pathophysiology and novel treatments is warranted.