[Gaston Bachelard in front of mathematics]

The issue regarding the bond between Bachelard's thought and contemporaneous mathematics has for a long time been concealed, aiming at the restricted benefit of an entirely misrepresented interpretation. The interpretation that indeed prevails, and in particular following the colloquium of Cerisy in 1974, is that of a man nurtured in the domain of both, physics and chemistry, and that has never drawn significant attention to mathematics. That is precisely the standpoint of the logician Roger Martin who sustains that the matters concerning the foundational problems (set theory, axiomatization and logicism) are in fact buried in a guilty silence. Departing from a meticulous assessment of the philosopher's texts, the present study thus aims at restoring a more appropriate image of a Bachelard, for whom mathematics is no less than the "superego" of science.