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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Immunotherapy in prostate cancer.

Ilya Sobol1, R H Thompson, Haidong Dong

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Current Urology Reports
|April 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent immunotherapy advances for prostate cancer, including Sipuleucel-T and Prostvac, show survival benefits but lack disease state changes, sparking debate. Further research into agents like Ipilimumab and PD-1 targets is ongoing.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has advanced significantly for treating malignant neoplasms over the past two decades.
  • Recent developments focus on molecular targets and clinical agents for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of immunotherapy for prostate cancer.
  • To discuss the efficacy and controversies surrounding approved and investigational agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of FDA-approved immunotherapies.
  • Summary of ongoing phase II and III clinical trials for prostate cancer immunotherapies.
  • Discussion of emerging targets and their potential in prostate cancer treatment.

Main Results:

  • Sipuleucel-T is the sole FDA-approved immunotherapy for prostate cancer.
  • Prostvac (PSA-TRICOM) Phase II trials demonstrated improved overall survival, with a Phase III trial ongoing.
  • Ipilimumab showed benefit in a subset of patients post-docetaxel, with ongoing pre-docetaxel investigations.

Conclusions:

  • Current immunotherapies like Sipuleucel-T and Prostvac offer survival advantages without altering disease state, leading to controversy.
  • Investigational agents like Ipilimumab and potential targets such as PD-1 warrant further study for prostate cancer treatment.