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Blue Light and Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure from Infant Phototherapy Equipment
Iole Pinto1, Andrea Bogi, Francesco Picciolo
1a Regional Public Health Laboratory - Physical Agents Sector , Siena , Italy.
Insights
Workers face optical radiation exposure during infant phototherapy. Some devices pose retinal hazards from blue light and unnecessary UV exposure, necessitating safety measures for staff and infants.
Area of Science:
- Medical Physics
- Occupational Health
- Neonatology
Background:
- Phototherapy is a standard treatment for infant hyperbilirubinemia.
- Understanding the safety of phototherapy devices is crucial for clinical practice.
- Staff exposure to optical radiation during phototherapy is not well-characterized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess occupational exposure to optical radiation from infant phototherapy devices in Italy.
- To identify potential hazards associated with different phototherapy equipment.
Main Methods:
- Evaluated spectral emissions from various phototherapy devices.
- Measured operator proximity and duration of exposure during monitoring.
- Assessed risks of photochemical retinal damage and UV exposure.
Main Results:
- Significant variability in spectral emissions across devices.
- Some equipment emits hazardous blue light and unnecessary UVA radiation.
- Operators frequently work within 25 cm of radiation sources.
Conclusions:
- Certain phototherapy devices pose optical radiation risks to operators and infants.
- Protective measures, including eyewear and optimized equipment design, are recommended.
- Clear safety standards for phototherapy lamps are needed.
Abstract:
Phototherapy is the use of light for reducing the concentration of bilirubin in the body of infants. Although it has become a mainstay since its introduction in 1958, a better understanding of the efficacy and safety of phototherapy applications seems to be necessary for improved clinical practices and outcomes. This study was initiated to evaluate workers' exposure to Optical Radiation from different types of phototherapy devices in clinical use in Italy. During infant phototherapy the staff monitors babies periodically for around 10 min every hour, and fixation of the phototherapy beam light frequently occurs: almost all operators work within 30 cm of the phototherapy source during monitoring procedures, with most of them commonly working at ≤25 cm from the direct or reflected radiation beam. The results of this study suggest that there is a great variability in the spectral emission of equipments investigated, depending on the types of lamps used and some phototherapy equipment exposes operators to blue light photochemical retinal hazard. Some of the equipment investigated presents relevant spectral emission also in the UVA region. Taking into account that the exposure to UV in childhood has been established as an important contributing factor for melanoma risk in adults and considering the high susceptibility to UV-induced skin damage of the newborn, related to his pigmentary traits, the UV exposure of the infant during phototherapy should be "as low as reasonably achievable," considering that it is unnecessary to the therapy. It is recommended that special safety training be provided for the affected employees: in particular, protective eyewear can be necessary during newborn assistance activities carried out in proximity of some sources. The engineering design of phototherapy equipment can be optimized. Specific requirements for photobiological safety of lamps used in the phototherapy equipment should be defined in the safety product standard for such equipment.
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