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Sacral curvature and supine posture.

M M Abitbol1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Sacral curvature (SC) develops significantly from infancy to adulthood in humans, unlike in monkeys and apes. Supine posture, alongside erect posture and the levator ani muscle, plays a key role in shaping human pelvic anatomy.

Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Human Evolution

Background:

  • Sacral curvature (SC) is a key anatomical feature distinguishing the human pelvis.
  • SC varies significantly across primate taxa, with humans exhibiting the greatest degree of curvature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors contributing to the formation of sacral curvature in humans.
  • To compare sacral curvature across different primate groups and human developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of sacral curvature were taken in various primate species (monkeys, apes) and human populations (children, adult males, adult females).
  • Comparative analysis was performed to identify differences in SC among groups.

Main Results:

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  • Monkeys showed minimal SC, apes had moderate SC, and adult humans displayed the highest SC (mean 64.7 +/- 29 SD degrees).
  • Human SC increases from birth through adolescence, influenced by erect posture and supine posture.
  • Supine posture and the levator ani muscle significantly influence the ventral orientation of the lower sacrum and coccyx in humans.

Conclusions:

  • Erect posture and supine posture are critical factors in the development of human sacral curvature.
  • Supine posture's role in shaping the human pelvis is highlighted as a novel finding, comparable in significance to erect posture.
  • Variations in SC may be linked to the onset and frequency of supine posture during development.