Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Associated with Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation

Area of Science:

• Pathology
• Inflammation
• Head and Neck Anatomy

Background:

• Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is a rare destructive chronic inflammatory condition.
• Typically found in the kidney and gallbladder, XGI presents with foamy histiocytes, giant cells, cholesterol clefts, and chronic inflammation.
• XGI is an uncommon finding in the head and neck region.

Observation:

• This report details a unique case of XGI originating from a ruptured thyroglossal duct cyst.
• The lesion presented as an infiltrative subcutaneous central neck mass.
• Clinically, the presentation mimicked a thyroid carcinoma.

Findings:

• The study identifies a novel presentation of XGI in the head and neck.
• The pathological findings include characteristic features of XGI within the context of a ruptured thyroglossal duct cyst.
• The case underscores the importance of considering XGI in the differential diagnosis of neck masses.

Implications:

• This case expands the known sites of XGI occurrence.
• Understanding the pathogenesis of XGI in the head and neck is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
• The findings emphasize the need for thorough histopathological examination of neck lesions, especially when they mimic malignancy.