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[Th17 lymphocytes in bacterial infections].

Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska1, Małgorzata Gieryńska1, Daria Depczyńska2

  • 1Zakład Immunologii, Katedra Nauk Przedklinicznych, Wydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie.

Postepy Higieny I Medycyny Doswiadczalnej (Online)
|April 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Helper T cells called Th17 cells are crucial for fighting bacterial infections and clearing pathogens. However, their dysregulation can lead to autoimmune diseases and tissue damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Th17 cells are a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes involved in immunity.
  • They play roles in host defense against bacteria, antitumor immunity, and autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of bacteria-induced Th17 responses.
  • To discuss the dual role of Th17 cells in protective immunity and immunopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Th17 cell function in bacterial infections.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of Th17 cell activation and cytokine production.

Main Results:

  • Bacteria activate Th17 cells via Toll-like (TLR), NOD-like (NLR), and C-type lectin (CLR) receptors.
  • Activated Th17 cells produce IL-17 and chemokines, aiding bacterial clearance, especially against extracellular pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Th17 cells also contribute to immunity against intracellular bacteria by promoting Th1 responses via dendritic cell activation.
  • Deregulation of Th17/IL-17 responses can cause pathology, chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, and tumor development.

Conclusions:

  • Th17 cells are critical for antibacterial immunity but can also mediate disease.
  • Understanding the Th17 response is key to developing therapies for infectious and autoimmune diseases.