[Carotenoids as natural antioxidants]

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Human Physiology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Human organisms possess defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species.
• Antioxidants are crucial for mitigating oxidative damage.
• Carotenoids, a class of polyisoprenoids, are among the most potent antioxidants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review literature on free radicals and their adverse effects.
• To highlight carotenoids as powerful natural antioxidants.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles on antioxidants and carotenoids.
• Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities of various compounds.

Main Results:

• Carotenoids exhibit strong antioxidant properties due to their chemical structure (11 coupled double bonds).
• Lycopene, lutein, astaxanthin, and beta-carotene are identified as potent antioxidants.
• Astaxanthin demonstrates significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to beta-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C.
• Carotenoids are effective against reactive oxygen species and free radicals, including singlet oxygen.

Conclusions:

• Carotenoids possess significant antioxidant capabilities, exceeding those of vitamins C and E.
• These compounds have broad applications in medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
• Carotenoids enhance the body's resistance to chronic diseases.