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Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
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Type 1 diabetes: A predictable disease.

Kimber M Simmons1, Aaron W Michels1

  • 1Kimber M Simmons, Aaron W Michels, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.

World Journal of Diabetes
|April 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) screening identifies individuals at risk by detecting islet autoantibodies before clinical diagnosis. Early detection enables timely insulin therapy and reduces life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis.

Keywords:
AutoantibodiesAutoimmunityDiabetes preventionScreeningType 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a growing childhood autoimmune disease.
  • It involves the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells.
  • Genetic predisposition and environmental triggers initiate the immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the predictability of T1D through islet autoantibody screening.
  • To emphasize the benefits of early detection and intervention.
  • To support population-wide screening efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of four key islet autoantibodies in serum: insulin, glutamic decarboxylase, islet antigen 2, and zinc transporter 8.
  • Monitoring autoantibody development preceding clinical T1D diagnosis.
  • Current screening predominantly in research settings with expansion efforts.

Main Results:

  • Islet autoantibodies develop before clinical T1D onset.
  • Presence of two or more autoantibodies predicts T1D development.
  • Screening can identify individuals at high risk.

Conclusions:

  • T1D is a predictable autoimmune disease detectable through autoantibody screening.
  • Screening facilitates earlier insulin therapy and prevents diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • Population screening can inform clinical trials for T1D prevention and delay.