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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
Published on: November 28, 2019
Size does not matter: commensal microorganisms forge tumor-promoting inflammation and anti-tumor immunity
Melanie R Rutkowski1, Jose R Conejo-Garcia1
1Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, USA.
Abstract:
Recent studies have demonstrated that the commensal microbiota are indispensable for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, orchestration of immune responses against pathogens and most recently during cancer immunotherapy and malignant progression of extraintestinal tumors. Here we discuss the recent findings that a common genetic variation in TLR5 influences the progression and outcome of ovarian, sarcoma, and luminal breast tumors and the implications of these findings in light of recent publications describing the role of the commensal microbiota in control of the systemic immune system.
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