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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
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Inflammation in HFpEF: Key or circumstantial?

Vanessa van Empel1, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Cardiology
|April 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Inflammation may play a key role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), unlike other heart failure types. Further research into inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction is crucial for developing effective HFpEF treatments.

Keywords:
Endothelial dysfunctionHeart failureHeart failure with preserved ejection fractionHeart failure with reduced ejection fractionInflammationOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is categorized into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
  • Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HFpEF are not well understood.
  • Current treatments targeting neurohumoral and sympathetic systems are ineffective for HFpEF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of inflammation in HFpEF.
  • To investigate whether inflammation is a primary driver or a consequence of comorbidities in HFpEF.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for HFpEF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of translational animal models and human studies on inflammation in HFpEF.
  • Analysis of the involvement of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
  • Evaluation of existing literature on HFpEF pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence suggests increased inflammation in HFpEF.
  • The role of inflammation as a key factor versus a byproduct of comorbidities requires further clarification.
  • Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are also implicated in HFpEF.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a potential key player in HFpEF.
  • Understanding the interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction is critical.
  • Identifying novel therapeutic targets for HFpEF is a priority due to the lack of effective treatments.