Elevated serum galectin-9 levels in patients with atopic dermatitis

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Dermatology
• Allergology

Background:

• Galectin-9, a member of the galectin family, influences immune responses, notably chemoattracting eosinophils and polarizing T-helper cells towards a Th2 phenotype.
• Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin condition marked by eosinophilia, mast cell activation, and Th2 cell predominance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the potential role of galectin-9 in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD).
• To assess serum galectin-9 levels and its expression in lesional skin of AD patients.

Main Methods:

• Serum galectin-9 levels were quantified in AD patients and healthy controls.
• Galectin-9 expression in lesional skin was examined using immunohistochemistry.
• Correlation between serum galectin-9 levels and the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) was analyzed.

Main Results:

• Serum galectin-9 levels were significantly higher in AD patients compared to controls.
• Elevated galectin-9 levels correlated positively with AD severity (EASI score).
• Galectin-9 was detected on epidermal keratinocytes and mast cells in AD skin lesions.
• Serum galectin-9 levels decreased following treatment, coinciding with clinical improvement.

Conclusions:

• Increased galectin-9 expression is associated with the progression of atopic dermatitis.
• Galectin-9 may serve as a valuable biomarker for AD activity and severity.
• Targeting galectin-9 presents a potential therapeutic strategy for managing AD.