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Modified Most Probable Number Assay to Quantify Salmonella in Raw and Ready-to-Cook Chicken Products

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Screening for Salmonella in backyard chickens.

Johanna Manning¹, Vaibhav Gole¹, Kapil Chousalkar¹

¹School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy 5371, SA, Australia.

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

|April 23, 2015

Summary

Salmonella bacteria were found in 10.4% of backyard chicken flocks in South Australia. This highlights the zoonotic risk from backyard chickens, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and control measures for Salmonella.

Keywords:

Antibiotic resistance Backyard Chickens PCR Salmonella Virulence genes

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Microbiology
Zoonotic Disease Epidemiology
Food Safety

Background:

Salmonellosis poses a significant economic threat to the commercial egg industry.
Limited data exists on Salmonella prevalence in backyard chicken populations.
Backyard chickens are increasingly popular, raising concerns about potential disease transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in backyard chickens in South Australia.
To identify and characterize Salmonella serovars found in these flocks.
To assess the virulence factors and antibiotic resistance profiles of isolated Salmonella strains.

Main Methods:

Screening of 115 pooled environmental samples from 30 backyard flocks.
Isolation and identification of Salmonella serovars.
Detection of virulence genes (prgH, orfL, spiC).
Antibiotic susceptibility testing for isolated strains.

Main Results:

Salmonella spp. were detected in 4 out of 30 flocks, with an overall isolation rate of 10.4%.
The estimated individual bird prevalence was 0.02%.
Isolated serovars included Salmonella Agona, Salmonella subsp 2 ser 21:z10:z6 (Wandsbek), and Salmonella Bovismorbificans.
All isolates possessed key virulence genes (prgH, orfL, spiC).
Salmonella subsp 2 ser 21:z10:z6 (Wandsbek) exhibited resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin, with intermediate resistance to florfenicol.
Salmonella Agona showed intermediate ampicillin resistance, while Salmonella Bovismorbificans were susceptible to all tested antibiotics.

Conclusions:

Backyard chickens can harbor Salmonella spp., posing a potential zoonotic risk to owners and the community.
The presence of virulence genes in all isolates suggests their pathogenic potential.
Antibiotic resistance patterns vary among serovars, with implications for treatment and public health.
Increased surveillance and biosecurity measures are recommended for backyard flocks.