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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

61
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
61
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

358
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
358
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

573
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
573

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
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A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

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Emerging options for treating hepatitis C infection.

Heidi Collins Fantasia

    Nursing for Women'S Health
    |April 23, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses risks for chronic liver disease and cancer. A new combination pill, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, offers a more manageable treatment option for patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Virology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and liver transplantation.
    • A large proportion of the over 3 million infected individuals in the U.S. were born between 1945 and 1965.
    • Many remain unaware of their infection, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, and disease progression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a new treatment option for Hepatitis C.
    • To highlight the approval of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir by the FDA.

    Main Methods:

    • FDA approval of a fixed-dose combination pill.

    Main Results:

    • Harvoni® (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir) was approved in October 2014.
    Keywords:
    hepatitis Cledipasvir/sofosbuvirliver diseasepharmacologic treatment

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  • This offers a new, potentially more manageable, treatment regimen.

    • Conclusions:

    • The approval of Harvoni® provides a significant advancement in Hepatitis C treatment.
    • This new option may improve patient adherence and outcomes for chronic Hepatitis C infection.