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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

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Mortality after thyroid surgery, insignificant or still an issue?

Joaquín Gómez-Ramírez1, Antonio Sitges-Serra, Pablo Moreno-Llorente

  • 1Neck and Breast Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain, jgomezramirez@hotmail.com.

Langenbeck'S Archives of Surgery
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Summary

Death after thyroidectomy is rare, occurring in 0.065% of cases. Most fatalities are linked to advanced age, large goiters, and breathing difficulties, highlighting key risk factors in thyroid surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy is generally safe, but rare deaths can occur.
  • Investigating mortality and risk factors is crucial in modern thyroid surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and causes of death following thyroidectomy.
  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality in contemporary thyroid surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide questionnaire survey of endocrine surgery units in Spain.
  • Data collected on deaths occurring after thyroidectomy in recent years.

Main Results:

  • 20 deaths (0.065%) recorded from 30,495 thyroidectomies across 26 units.
  • Leading causes of death included cervical hematoma (30%), respiratory distress (25%), and tracheal injury (15%).
  • Risk factors identified were advanced age, giant goiters, and upper airway complications.

Conclusions:

  • Mortality following thyroidectomy is very uncommon.
  • Deaths are often associated with complex patient factors like age and goiter size, alongside surgical complications.