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Figure-ground modulation in awake primate thalamus.

Helen E Jones1, Ian M Andolina2, Stewart D Shipp2

  • 1Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom; hjones@ioores.co.uk.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that neuronal firing in the visual thalamus enhances when a motion-defined object (figure) is perceived against a background. This suggests feedback from higher brain areas influences early visual processing.

Keywords:
feedbackfigure-ground discriminationlateral geniculate nucleusperceptionvision

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Figure-ground discrimination is crucial for object recognition.
  • Neural mechanisms involve feedback between higher cortical areas and the primary visual cortex.
  • This process influences how global analysis affects local feature encoding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuronal mechanisms underlying figure-ground discrimination at the level of the visual thalamus.
  • To determine if higher-order perceptual information is re-entered into subcortical visual processing.
  • To explore the role of feedback interactions in early visual processing.

Main Methods:

  • Recordings were made from the visual thalamus of alert primates.
  • A motion-defined figure-ground stimulus was used to present identical visual stimulation to the receptive field and its environs.
  • Neuronal firing rates were measured when the figure or ground component was over the receptive field.

Main Results:

  • A robust enhancement of neuronal firing was observed when the figure component was over the receptive field compared to the ground component.
  • This response enhancement occurred despite identical visual stimulation across conditions.
  • The findings suggest the involvement of higher integrative mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical activity related to figure perception is fed back into the thalamus, the lowest possible anatomical level.
  • This iterative process imprints the evolving representation of the figure onto the driving input.
  • The visual thalamus plays a role in processing figure-ground information through feedback mechanisms.