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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Morningness-eveningness and risk taking.

Lili Wang1, Tanya L Chartrand

  • 1a Zhejiang University.

The Journal of Psychology
|April 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Morning people, or "larks," are less likely to engage in financially risky behaviors compared to "owls." This difference is partly explained by higher self-control in morning types, particularly in financial decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Individual differences in biological rhythms lead to distinct chronotypes, commonly categorized as 'larks' (morning types) and 'owls' (evening types).
  • While personality differences between larks and owls are known, their behavioral tendencies, especially concerning risk-taking across various domains, remain underexplored.
  • Existing research lacks a systematic investigation into whether morningness or eveningness correlates with consistent risk-taking or risk aversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the relationship between chronotype (morningness vs. eveningness) and risky behaviors in American adults across different domains.
  • To determine if specific chronotypes exhibit differential engagement in financial, gambling, or investment-related risky behaviors.
  • To explore potential mediating factors, such as self-control, in the relationship between chronotype and financial risk-taking.
Keywords:
chronotypemorningness–eveningnessrisky behaviorself-control

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Main Methods:

  • Utilized a general American adult sample, employing diverse methodologies to measure risky behaviors across distinct domains.
  • Study 1 used the Composite Scale of Morningness and the Domain-Specific Risk Attitude Scale to assess chronotype and financial risk-taking (N=212).
  • Study 2 employed scenario-based methods to measure engagement in risky behaviors within gambling and investment domains (N=187), including a self-control scale for mediation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Chronotype demonstrated a significant negative relationship specifically with financially risky behaviors in American adults.
  • Morning types consistently showed less engagement in financially risky behaviors, including gambling and investment, compared to evening types.
  • Self-control ability partially mediated the negative association between morningness and engagement in financially risky behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Morningness in American adults is associated with reduced engagement in financially risky behaviors, but not necessarily in other domains like gambling or investment.
  • The findings suggest that chronotype, particularly morningness, may be a relevant factor in understanding financial decision-making and risk aversion.
  • Self-control plays a partial role in explaining why morning types tend to be less involved in financial risks, highlighting a potential psychological mechanism.