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Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
Published on: December 17, 2019
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Chimeric antigen receptor engineering: a right step in the evolution of adoptive cellular immunotherapy
Jose A Figueroa1, Adair Reidy, Leonardo Mirandola
1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Lubbock, TX , USA.
International Reviews of Immunology
|April 23, 2015
Summary
Cancer immunotherapy uses the immune system to fight cancer. This review focuses on engineered T cells, a promising adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) approach for cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Cancer immunotherapy encompasses diverse strategies targeting neoplastic cells using immune system components.
- Approaches include monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, vaccines, and cellular therapies like dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and engineered T cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in engineered T cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) in cancer.
- To highlight the potential and challenges of T cell-based cancer therapies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent scientific publications and clinical trials.
- Focus on genetically engineered T cell strategies for cancer treatment.
Main Results:
- Engineered T cells represent a rapidly advancing frontier in adoptive cellular immunotherapy.
- Despite promise, challenges remain in identifying specific tumor targets, optimizing tumor response, and managing toxicities.
Conclusions:
- Engineered T cells offer a powerful strategy for targeted cancer eradication.
- Continued research is crucial to overcome limitations and enhance the efficacy and safety of T cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
Keywords:
AAV: adeno-associated virusACI: adoptive cellular immunotherapyAKAP4: A-kinase anchoring protein 4ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemiaAML: acute myeloid leukemiaASP: AKAP-associated sperm proteinAd: adenovirusAlloSCT: allogeneic stem cell transplantCAIX: carbonic anhydrase-IXCAR: chimeric antigen receptorCAReTC: chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cellCEA: carcinoembryonic antigenCLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemiaCTA: cancer testis antigenCTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyteDC: dendritic cellEBV: Epstein–Bar virusERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinaseFAP: fibroblast activation proteinFITC: fluorescein isothiocyanateGVHD: graft-vs.-host diseaseHAMA: human anti-mouse antibodiesHLA: human leukocyte antigenHSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplantHSV: herpes simplex virusHvG: host versus graftIL-1, IL-2: interleukin-1, interleukin-2ITR: inverted terminal repeatJNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinaseLAK: lymphokine activated killer cellLy-CM: lymphocyte-conditioned mediumMHC: major histocompatibility complexNF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cellsNFAT: nuclear factor of activated T cellNHL: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomaNK: natural killerNKG2D: natural killer receptor G2DPD-1: programmed death-1PKA: protein A-kinaseSIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndromeSP17: sperm protein 17TAA: tumor-associating antigenTCM: central memory T cellTCR: T-cell receptorsTE: effector T cellTEM: effector memory T cellTH: helper T cellTIL: tumor-infiltrating lymphocyteTNF: tumor necrosis factorTRAF: TNF receptor-associated factorTRUCK: T cells redirected for universal cytokine killingTSCM: stem cell memory T cellTreg: regulatory T cellcancer stem cellscancer testis antigenschimeric antigen receptorsimmunotherapyrAAV: recombinant AAVscFv: single-chain variable fragment
