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Kibble-Zurek mechanism in colloidal monolayers.

Sven Deutschländer1, Patrick Dillmann1, Georg Maret1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism predicts defect formation during phase transitions. This study confirms Kibble-Zurek scaling in a colloidal system undergoing Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young melting.

Keywords:
KTHNY theoryKibble–Zurek mechanismcolloidsnonequilibrium dynamicsspontaneous symmetry breaking

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Dynamics

Background:

  • The Kibble-Zurek mechanism explains topological defect formation during phase transitions.
  • Defect structures arise from causality limitations during rapid cooling.
  • These principles apply across scales, from cosmology to condensed matter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate non-equilibrium dynamics in a 2D colloidal particle system.
  • To quantitatively analyze defect and domain structures during cooling.
  • To determine the scaling of length scales with cooling rate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing video microscopy to observe colloidal particle ensembles.
  • Applying finite cooling rates across three orders of magnitude.
  • Analyzing defect and domain structures quantitatively.

Main Results:

  • Observed defect structure formation consistent with the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.
  • Determined the scaling of length scales with cooling rate.
  • Confirmed Kibble-Zurek scaling within the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young universality class.

Conclusions:

  • The Kibble-Zurek mechanism accurately describes defect formation in this 2D colloidal system.
  • Experimental results validate theoretical predictions for non-equilibrium phase transitions.
  • This work provides insights into universal scaling laws in condensed matter systems.