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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
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Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
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DNA structure and function.

Andrew Travers1,2, Georgi Muskhelishvili3

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.

The FEBS Journal
|April 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA

Keywords:
A-DNAB-DNADNA as an energy storeDNA backbone conformationDNA elasticityDNA informationDNA structureDNA topologyalternative DNA structuresgenome organisation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The double-helical structure of DNA explains genetic information heritability.
  • The dominance of DNA over RNA as the primary biological information store remains unexplained.

Observation:

  • DNA's B-DNA structure offers advantages for information accessibility and packaging.
  • DNA's digital and analogue information encoding influences its physicochemical properties.
  • DNA chirality facilitates supercoiling under torsional stress.

Findings:

  • DNA supercoiling, driven by DNA translocases, significantly impacts gene regulation and chromosomal organization.
  • DNA supercoiling acts as an energy source for enzymes like RNA polymerase.

Implications:

  • Understanding DNA's structural advantages provides insights into its role as the dominant genetic material.
  • DNA supercoiling is a key mechanism in gene expression and genome organization.